Blue Ocean Law helps secure historic ICJ advisory opinion on climate change

On July 23, 2025, the International Court of Justice issued a historic advisory opinion on climate change that reshaped the legal landscape of global climate accountability. Blue Ocean Law was at the heart of this effort, working on behalf of its client, the Republic of Vanuatu, to help bring the question of states’ climate obligations before the world’s highest court.

In its opinion, the Court confirmed that climate change is not merely a political or scientific challenge, but a matter governed by binding rules of international law. The Court made clear that states have legal duties to prevent serious climate harm, to act with due care in regulating polluting activities, and to cooperate in addressing a crisis that threatens the survival, cultures, and rights of vulnerable communities worldwide.

The Court also recognized that climate change undermines the enjoyment of fundamental human rights and that failure to meet legal obligations can give rise to international responsibility. While advisory opinions are not binding judgments, the ICJ’s conclusions carry exceptional legal authority and are expected to influence courts, legislatures, treaty negotiations, and climate litigation across jurisdictions.

By helping secure this opinion, Blue Ocean Law contributed to a turning point in international law, transforming climate change from a domain of voluntary commitments into one of legal obligation and accountability. The decision stands as a landmark affirmation of the power of small island states and frontline communities to shape global law and demand justice at the highest level.